Review Guidelines

Peer review is essential to uphold the integrity and quality of academic publishing. Reviewers are expected to evaluate submissions objectively, confidentially, and in a timely manner. Please ensure that:

• All comments are constructive, respectful, and aimed at improving the manuscript.
• You assess the methodology, originality, ethical standards, and scholarly value.
• Conflicts of interest are declared and the manuscript is not shared with unauthorized individuals.
• You adhere to the review deadlines and journal confidentiality policies.

Competing Interests

All reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could bias their judgment. Examples include:

• Financial relationships with institutions or funding bodies related to the article.
• Personal or professional connections to the authors or the study.
• Any form of academic rivalry or collaboration that could influence objectivity.

Reviewers with significant conflicts should recuse themselves from the review process.

Confidentiality & Ethics

Reviewers are bound by confidentiality and may not share or disclose manuscript details or findings. Ethical responsibilities include:

• Respecting the author's intellectual property and not using unpublished content.
• Reporting any suspected plagiarism, data fabrication, or ethical misconduct.
• Maintaining the confidentiality of the manuscript throughout and after the review process.